Process management

• lsof - list open files and the processes that opened them. It could be device files, regular files, directories, etc.

  • lsof /path/to/file - list all processes that have opened a file.

  • lsof -i - list all network connections.

• ps - (process status) report a snapshot of the current processes. It does not show the processes that have finished execution.

  • ps - show processes of the current user in the current terminal session only.

  • ps -e - [everyone] show all processes of all users. Includes all processes, whether or not they’re attached to a terminal.

  • ps -f - show full format listing (more details about the processes)

  • ps aux - show all running processes (a - show processes of all users, u - show processes of current user, x - [extended] show processes not attached to a terminal)

• top - utility in Linux that provides a real-time, dynamic view of the system’s performance. It displays information about CPU usage, memory usage, running processes, and more